Introducing yourself in dozens of languages in Europe
Slavic, Germanic, Romance, Finno-Ugric, Baltic, Celtic, Semitic, Creole
Slavic, Germanic, Romance, Uralic (Finno-Ugric), Baltic, Celtic, Semitic, Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Caucasian, Turkic and Basque. Creole languages based on European languages. I have not included sign languages.
Top 12 Slavic Languages
| Language | Native Name | Speakers (approx.) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russian | русский | ~260 million | Most spoken Slavic language; official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan. |
| Ukrainian | українська | ~45 million | Official in Ukraine; closely related to Belarusian and Russian. |
| Polish | polski | ~50 million | Spoken in Poland and large diasporas worldwide. |
| Serbo-Croatian | srpskohrvatski | ~20 million | Covers Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin standards. |
| Czech | čeština | ~10 million | Official language of the Czech Republic. |
| Bulgarian | български | ~8 million | First Slavic language with a written tradition; uses definite articles. |
| Slovak | slovenčina | ~5 million | Closely related to Czech; spoken in Slovakia. |
| Belarusian | беларуская | ~5 million | Official in Belarus; heavily influenced by Russian. |
| Slovene | slovenščina | ~2.5 million | Official language of Slovenia; conservative grammar. |
| Macedonian | македонски | ~2 million | Very close to Bulgarian; uses Cyrillic and postposed articles. |
| Bosnian | bosanski | ~2.5 million | Standard variety of Serbo-Croatian, using Latin script. |
| Montenegrin | crnogorski | ~0.6 million | Official in Montenegro; virtually identical to Serbian/Croatian. |
Slavic languages – introducing yourself
1. Russian (русский)
Script: Cyrillic
Translation: Привет, я Грегор. Как тебя зовут? Приятно познакомиться! Я из Голландии. Я живу в Амстердаме. Откуда ты? Как долго ты здесь живёшь? Что тебе нравится в Голландии, а что не очень? – Text in cursive:
Привет, я Грегор. Как тебя зовут? Приятно познакомиться! Я из Голландии. Я живу в Амстердаме. Откуда ты? Как долго ты здесь живёшь? Что тебе нравится в Голландии, а что не очень?
Romanization:
Privet, ya Gregor. Kak tebya zovut? Priyatno poznakomit’sya! Ya iz Gollandii. Ya zhivu v Amsterdame. Otkuda ty? Kak dolgo ty zdes’ zhivyosh’? Chto tebe nravitsya v Gollandii, a chto ne ochen’?
2. Ukrainian (українська)
Script: Cyrillic
Translation: Привіт, я Грегор. Як тебе звати? Приємно познайомитися! Я з Голландії. Я живу в Амстердамі. Звідки ти? Як довго ти тут живеш? Що тобі подобається в Голландії, а що — не дуже? – Text in cursive:
Привіт, я Грегор. Як тебе звати? Приємно познайомитися! Я з Голландії. Я живу в Амстердамі. Звідки ти? Як довго ти тут живеш? Що тобі подобається в Голландії, а що — не дуже?
Romanization:
Pryvit, ya Hrehor. Yak tebe zvaty? Pryyemno poznayomytysia! Ya z Holandii. Ya zhyvu v Amsterdami. Zvidky ty? Yak dovho ty tut zhyvesh? Shcho tobi podobayetʹsya v Holandii, a shcho — ne duzhe?
3. Polish (polski)
Translation:
Cześć, jestem Gregor. Jak masz na imię? Miło cię poznać! Jestem z Holandii. Mieszkam w Amsterdamie. Skąd jesteś? Jak długo tu mieszkasz? Co lubisz w Holandii, a co niekoniecznie?
4. Czech (čeština)
Translation:
Ahoj, jsem Gregor. Jak se jmenuješ? Těší mě! Jsem z Holandska. Bydlím v Amsterdamu. Odkud jsi? Jak dlouho tady bydlíš? Co se ti na Holandsku líbí a co moc ne?
5. Slovak (slovenčina)
Translation:
Ahoj, som Gregor. Ako sa voláš? Teší ma! Som z Holandska. Bývam v Amsterdame. Odkiaľ si? Ako dlho tu bývaš? Čo sa ti na Holandsku páči a čo nie veľmi?
6. Slovenian (slovenščina)
Translation:
Živjo, sem Gregor. Kako ti je ime? Me veseli! Sem iz Nizozemske. Živim v Amsterdamu. Od kod si? Kako dolgo že živiš tukaj? Kaj ti je všeč na Nizozemskem in kaj ti ni tako všeč?
7. Serbian (српски / srpski)
Script: Cyrillic
Translation: Здраво, ја сам Грегор. Како се зовеш? Драго ми је! Ја сам из Холандије. Живим у Амстердаму. Одакле си? Колико дуго живиш овде? Шта ти се свиђа у Холандији, а шта не баш? – Text in cursive:
Здраво, ја сам Грегор. Како се зовеш? Драго ми је! Ја сам из Холандије. Живим у Амстердаму. Одакле си? Колико дуго живиш овде? Шта ти се свиђа у Холандији, а шта не баш?
Romanization:
Zdravo, ja sam Gregor. Kako se zoveš? Drago mi je! Ja sam iz Holandije. Živim u Amsterdamu. Odakle si? Koliko dugo živiš ovde? Šta ti se sviđa u Holandiji, a šta ne baš?
8. Croatian (hrvatski)
Translation:
Bok, ja sam Gregor. Kako se zoveš? Drago mi je! Ja sam iz Nizozemske. Živim u Amsterdamu. Odakle si? Koliko dugo već živiš ovdje? Što ti se sviđa u Nizozemskoj, a što ne baš?
9. Bosnian (bosanski)
Translation:
Zdravo, ja sam Gregor. Kako se zoveš? Drago mi je! Ja sam iz Holandije. Živim u Amsterdamu. Odakle si? Koliko dugo živiš ovdje? Šta ti se sviđa u Holandiji, a šta ne toliko?
10. Macedonian (македонски)
Script: Cyrillic
Translation: Здраво, јас сум Грегор. Како се викаш? Ми е драго што те запознав! Јас сум од Холандија. Живеам во Амстердам. Од каде си? Колку долго живееш тука? Што ти се допаѓа во Холандија, а што не толку? – Text in cursive:
Здраво, јас сум Грегор. Како се викаш? Ми е драго што те запознав! Јас сум од Холандија. Живеам во Амстердам. Од каде си? Колку долго живееш тука? Што ти се допаѓа во Холандија, а што не толку?
Romanization:
Zdravo, jas sum Gregor. Kako se vikaš? Mi e drago što te zapoznav! Jas sum od Holandija. Živeam vo Amsterdam. Od kade si? Kolku dolgo živeš tuka? Što ti se dopagja vo Holandija, a što ne tolku?
Introducing yourself in Germanic languages
0. (English)
Hello, I am Gregor. What is your name? Nice to meet you! I am from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been living here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?”
1. Swedish (svenska)
Hej, jag är Gregor. Vad heter du? Trevligt att träffas! Jag kommer från Holland. Jag bor i Amsterdam. Var kommer du ifrån? Hur länge har du bott här? Vad gillar du med Holland och vad gillar du inte så mycket?
2. Noors (Bokmål)
Hei, jeg er Gregor. Hva heter du? Hyggelig å møte deg! Jeg kommer fra Holland. Jeg bor i Amsterdam. Hvor kommer du fra? Hvor lenge har du bodd her? Hva liker du med Holland, og hva liker du ikke så mye?
3. Deens (dansk)
Hej, jeg er Gregor. Hvad hedder du? Hyggeligt at møde dig! Jeg er fra Holland. Jeg bor i Amsterdam. Hvor kommer du fra? Hvor længe har du boet her? Hvad kan du lide ved Holland, og hvad kan du ikke så godt lide?
4. IJslands (íslenska)
Halló, ég heiti Gregor. Hvað heitir þú? Gaman að kynnast þér! Ég er frá Hollandi. Ég bý í Amsterdam. Hvaðan ertu? Hversu lengi hefur þú búið hér? Hvað líkar þér við Holland og hvað ekki svo mikið?
5. Faeröers (føroyskt)
Hey, eg eiti Gregor. Hvat eitur tú? Gott at møta teg! Eg komi úr Hollandi. Eg búgvi í Amsterdam. Hvaðan ert tú? Hvussu leingi hevur tú búð her? Hvat dámar tær við Hollandi, og hvat dámar tær ikki so væl?
6. Elfdalisch (Övdalsk) (Zeer zeldzaam, sterk afwijkend Zweeds dialect – geschreven met eigen orthografie)
Hällå, ig e Gregor. Woa hitär du? Tjyst å träffas! Ig komer frå Hollan. Ig buor i Amsterdam. Woa komer du frå? Huru lang tid ha du buott här? Woa giller du mä Hollan å woa int så mykji?
(Attention: spelling varies a lot and there is no standardisation. The pronunciation is similar to Old Norse).
7. Meänkieli (Tornedalsfins – erkend als minderheidstaal in Zweden)
Hei, minä oon Gregor. Mikä sinun nimi oon? Mukava tavata! Minä oon kotoisin Hollannista. Minä asun Amsterdamissa. Mistä sie oon? Kuinka kauan sie olet asunut täällä? Mitä sie tykkäät Hollannista ja mitä et niin paljon?
8. 🇳🇱 Dutch (Standaard Nederlands)
Hallo, ik ben Gregor. Hoe heet jij? Leuk je te ontmoeten! Ik kom uit Holland. Ik woon in Amsterdam. Waar kom jij vandaan? Hoelang woon je hier al? Wat vind je leuk aan Holland en wat niet zo?
9. 🇩🇪 (High) German (Hochdeutsch)
Hallo, ich bin Gregor. Wie heißt du? Schön, dich kennenzulernen! Ich komme aus Holland. Ich wohne in Amsterdam. Woher kommst du? Wie lange wohnst du schon hier? Was gefällt dir an Holland und was nicht so sehr?
10. 🇱🇺 Luxemburgissh (Lëtzebuergesch)
Moien, ech sinn de Gregor. Wéi heescht’s du? Schei dech kennen ze léieren! Ech kommen aus Holland. Ech wunnen zu Amsterdam. Vu wou bass du? Wéi laang wunns de schon hei? Wat gefällt der un Holland a wat net esou?
11. 🇿🇦 Afrikaans
Hallo, ek is Gregor. Wat is jou naam? Lekker om jou te ontmoet! Ek kom van Holland. Ek woon in Amsterdam. Waar kom jy vandaan? Hoe lank woon jy al hier? Wat hou jy van Holland en wat nie so baie nie?
12. 🇬🇧 English
Hello, I’m Gregor. What’s your name? Nice to meet you! I’m from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been living here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?
13. 🟤 Jiddisch (ייִדיש)
Script: Hebreeuws
העלא, איך בין גרעגאָר. ווי הייסטו? שוין צו באַקענען זיך! איך קום פון האָלאַנד. איך וווינען אין אַמסטערדאַם. ווו קוקסטו? ווי לאַנג וווינסטו דאָ שוין? וואָס טוט דיר אָנגיין אין האָלאַנד און וואָס נישט אַזוי?
Romanisation:
Helo, ikh bin Gregor. Vu heystu? Sheyn tsu bakenen zikh! Ikh kum fun Holand. Ikh veyn in Amsterdam. Vu kumstu? Vi lang veynstu do shoyn? Vos gefelt dir in Holand un vos nisht azoy?
14. 🟡 Nedersaksisch (Twents/Achterhoeks/Nedersaksisch)
Hoi, ik bin Gregor. Hoe he’j ow? Mooi ow te treffen! Ik kump oet Holland. Ik woon in Amsterdam. Waor kump ow vandaan? Hoe lange wo-j hier al? Wat vin-j mooi an Holland en wat neet zo?
(Attention: spelling may vary hugely per region or individual use.)
15. ⚫ Schwäbisch (South German dialect)
Grüß Gott, i bin dr Gregor. Wie haisch du? Freit mi, dich kennenz’lerna! I kumm aus Holland. I wohn in Amsterdam. Woher bisch du? Wie lang wohnsch scho do? Was gfallt dir an Holland, ond was it so?
16. 🔵 Old English, around 900 AD
Hāl, ic eom Gregor. Hwæt is þīn nama? Gēara ic þē gemētan! Ic cume of Holland. Ic eom wunigende on Amsterdam. Hwanan cymst þū? Hū lange hæfst þū hēr gewunod? Hwæt liciaþ þē on Holland and hwæt ne swā micel?
17. West-Frisian (Westerlauwers Fries)
Hoi, ik bin Gregor. Hoe hjitsto? Leuk om dy te moetsjen! Ik kom út Hollân. Ik wenje yn Amsterdam. Wêr komstwei? Hoelang wennest hjir al? Wat fynst moai oan Hollân en wat net sa?
18. 🇬🇧 Scots (Lowland Scots)
Hullo, Ah’m Gregor. Whit’s yer name? Guid tae meet ye! Ah’m fae Holland. Ah bide in Amsterdam. Whaur’re ye fae? Hou lang hae ye bidden here? Whit dae ye like aboot Holland an whit no sae much?
19. 🟤 Grunnegs (Gronings/Nederlands Nedersaksisch)
Moi, ik bin Gregor. Hoe hestou? Leuk die te moakn! Ik kom oet Holland. Ik woon in Amsterdam. Waor komsto weg? Hoe lang bist hier al? Wat vintou mooi an Holland en wat nait zo?
20. 🟡 Limburgs (Nederlands Limburgs)
Hoi, ich bin Gregor. Wie hees doe? Leuk dich te kènne! Ich koom oet Holland. Ich wón in Amsterdam. Woer koomste vanaaf? Hoelang wónste hie al? Wat vints te leuk aan Holland en wat neet zoe?
21. 🔵 Plattdeutsch (Nedersaksisch – Duitsland)
Moin, ik bün Gregor. Wo heet du? Schön, di to trecken! Ik kumm ut Holland. Ik woon in Amsterdam. Woher kummst du? Wo lang büst du all dor? Wat gifft di an Holland goot un wat nich so?
22. ⚫ Pennsylvania Dutch (Deitsch – VS)
Hallo, ich bin Gregor. Wie heescht du? Schunn dich kennenzuläre! Ich kumm vun Holland. Ich wohn in Amsterdam. Wu kummst du her? Wie lang bischt du schunn do? Was gfallt die an Holland un was net so?
23. 🔴 Yola (dead Germanice language from Ireland, related to Middle English)
Halow, Ich bin Gregor. Wat ish thy name? Fair to meet thee! Ich cometh from Holland. Ich dwell in Amsterdam. War comest thee from? How long havest thee dwelled her? What likest thee in Holland and what nathin much?
(Attention: reconstructed, Yola died in the 19th century.)
24. 🟢 Old Saxon, approx. 800 AD)
Hêl, ik bium Gregor. Hwā hêt thu? Lîk is it mî thē to giuwerthan! Ik cume fan Holand. Ik bium woniend in Amsterdam. Hwōnfan cumist thu? Hū lang hāst thu hēr wuned? Hwāt is thē lîke an Holand, end hwāt ni?
25. 🟣 Gothic
Haila, ik im Gregor. Hwō namō þein ist? Swē gut ist izwis gamētan! Ik im us Holland. Ik liba in Amsterdam. Þanƕans komst þu? Hwu langi libis her? ƕa wileis þu ana Holland jah ƕa ni swē filu?
(Reconstructed from approx. 600 AD.)
26. 🔵 English – Yorkshire dialect
Ey up, I’m Gregor. What’s tha name? Nice t’meet thee! Ah’m from Holland. Ah live in Amsterdam. Where’s tha from? ‘Ow long tha been livin’ ‘ere? What does tha like ‘bout Holland and what not so much?
Introducing yourself in Romance languages:
Top 12 Romance Languages
| Language | Native Name | Speakers (approx.) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish | Español / Castellano | ~560 million | Official in most of Latin America, Spain, and Equatorial Guinea. |
| Portuguese | Português | ~260 million | Spoken in Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola, and more. |
| French | Français | ~280 million | Official in France, parts of Africa, Canada, and international institutions. |
| Italian | Italiano | ~85 million | Mainly in Italy, parts of Switzerland, and small communities worldwide. |
| Romanian | Română | ~25 million | Spoken in Romania, Moldova (as Moldovan), and diaspora communities. |
| Catalan | Català | ~10 million | Spoken in Catalonia, Valencia, Andorra, and the Balearic Islands. |
| Occitan | Occitan / Lenga d’òc | ~1.5–2 million | Regional language in southern France, with dialects like Gascon and Provençal. |
| Galician | Galego | ~2.5 million | Spoken in Galicia, Spain; closely related to Portuguese. |
| Sardinian | Sardu | ~1.2 million | Distinct Romance language spoken on the island of Sardinia. |
| Neapolitan | Napoletano | ~5 million | Spoken in Naples and southern Italy; not mutually intelligible with standard Italian. |
| Venetian | Vèneto | ~3.5 million | Spoken in northeastern Italy; has historical literary tradition. |
| Romansh | Rumantsch | ~40,000 | Official in parts of Switzerland; one of the smallest national languages. |
1. 🇪🇸 Spanish (Español / Castellano)
Hola, soy Gregor. ¿Cómo te llamas? ¡Encantado de conocerte! Soy de Holanda. Vivo en Ámsterdam. ¿De dónde eres? ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas viviendo aquí? ¿Qué te gusta de Holanda y qué no tanto?
2. 🇵🇹 Portuguese (Português)
Olá, eu sou o Gregor. Como te chamas? Prazer em conhecer-te! Eu sou da Holanda. Moro em Amesterdão. De onde és? Há quanto tempo vives aqui? O que gostas na Holanda e o que não gostas tanto?
3. 🇫🇷 French (Français)
Bonjour, je suis Gregor. Comment tu t’appelles ? Enchanté de te rencontrer ! Je viens de Hollande. J’habite à Amsterdam. Tu viens d’où ? Depuis combien de temps tu habites ici ? Qu’est-ce que tu aimes en Hollande et qu’est-ce que tu aimes moins ?
4. 🇮🇹 Italian (Italiano)
Ciao, sono Gregor. Come ti chiami? Piacere di conoscerti! Vengo dall’Olanda. Vivo ad Amsterdam. Da dove vieni? Da quanto tempo vivi qui? Cosa ti piace dell’Olanda e cosa non ti piace tanto?
5. 🇷🇴 Romanian (Română)
Salut, eu sunt Gregor. Cum te cheamă? Încântat de cunoștință! Sunt din Olanda. Locuiesc în Amsterdam. De unde ești? De cât timp locuiești aici? Ce îți place la Olanda și ce nu prea?
6. Catalan (Català)
Hola, sóc en Gregor. Com et dius? Encantat de conèixer-te! Sóc d’Holanda. Visc a Amsterdam. D’on ets? Quant temps fa que vius aquí? Què t’agrada d’Holanda i què no t’agrada tant?
7. 🇫🇷 Occitan (Lenga d’òc)
Adieu, soi Gregor. Cossí te sonas? Encantat de te conéisser! Veni d’Olanda. Demòri a Amsterdam. D’ont siás? Dempuèi quant de temps demòras aquí? Qué t’agrada d’Olanda e qué pas tant?
8. Galician (Galego)
Ola, son Gregor. Como te chamas? Encantado de coñecerte! Son de Holanda. Vivo en Ámsterdam. De onde es? Canto tempo levas aquí? Que che gusta de Holanda e que non tanto?
9. 🇮🇹 Sardinian (Sardu) (Logudorese variant)
Bona die, so Gregor. Comente ti naras? Cuncretu de ti connòschere! So dae Ollanda. Bivo in Amsterdam. D’inde ses? Cantu tempus bives inoghe? Itte ti piaget de s’Ollanda e itte no issa?
10. 🇮🇹 Neapolitan (Napoletano)
Ciao, songh’ Gregor. Comme te chiame? Piacer’e t’ ‘ncuntrà! Songh’ ‘e ll’Olanda. Stong’ ‘a campà a Amsterdam. A ddo’ vieni? Da quanto tiempo camp’ ccà? Che t’ piace d’‘o paese mio e che nun t’ piace assaje?
11. 🇮🇹 Venetian (Vèneto)
Ciao, mi so Gregor. Come te ciami? Piase de conossarte! Mi vegno da Olanda. Stago a Amsterdam. Da ndove te si? Da quanto tempo che te stago qua? Cosa te piase de l’Olanda e cosa no tanto?
12. 🇨🇭 Romansh (Rumantsch) (Sursilvan variant)
Buna, jeu sun Gregor. Co has num? Fetsch en plascher da vegnir encunter! Jeu vegn dalla Ollanda. Jeu stun a Amsterdam. Nua vegnas ti? Daco ditg che ti stos cheu? Tgei che ti plascha d’Ollanda e tgei buca aschi fetg?
Selected Non-Romance, Non-Slavic Languages
| Language | Native Name | Speakers (approx.) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek | Ελληνικά | ~13 million | Γεια σου, είμαι ο Γκρέγκορ. Πώς σε λένε; Χάρηκα για τη γνωριμία! Είμαι από την Ολλανδία. Μένω στο Άμστερνταμ. Από πού είσαι; Πόσο καιρό μένεις εδώ; Τι σου αρέσει στην Ολλανδία και τι όχι τόσο; |
| Lithuanian | Lietuvių | ~3 million | Sveiki, aš esu Gregoras. Kuo tu vardu? Malonu susipažinti! Aš esu iš Olandijos. Gyvenu Amsterdame. Iš kur tu esi? Kiek laiko čia gyveni? Kas tau patinka Olandijoje, o kas – ne taip labai? |
| Latvian | Latviešu | ~2 million | Sveiki, es esmu Gregors. Kā tevi sauc? Prieks iepazīties! Es esmu no Nīderlandes. Es dzīvoju Amsterdamā. No kurienes tu esi? Cik ilgi tu šeit dzīvo? Kas tev patīk Nīderlandē un kas ne tik ļoti? |
| Hungarian | Magyar | ~13 million | Szia, Gregor vagyok. Hogy hívnak? Örülök, hogy megismerhetlek! Hollandiából jöttem. Amszterdamban élek. Honnan jöttél? Mióta élsz itt? Mi tetszik neked Hollandiában, és mi nem annyira? |
| Finnish | Suomi | ~5.5 million | Hei, olen Gregor. Mikä sinun nimesi on? Hauska tavata! Olen kotoisin Hollannista. Asun Amsterdamissa. Mistä olet kotoisin? Kuinka kauan olet asunut täällä? Mitä pidät Hollannista ja mitä et niin paljon? |
| Estonian | Eesti | ~1 million | Tere, mina olen Gregor. Mis su nimi on? Meeldiv tutvuda! Ma olen Hollandist. Ma elan Amsterdamis. Kust sa pärit oled? Kui kaua sa oled siin elanud? Mis sulle Hollandis meeldib ja mis mitte nii väga? |
| Albanian | Shqip | ~7.5 million | Përshëndetje, unë jam Gregor. Si quhesh? Kënaqësi që të njoh! Jam nga Hollanda. Banoj në Amsterdam. Nga je? Sa kohë ke që banon këtu? Çfarë të pëlqen nga Hollanda dhe çfarë jo aq shumë? |
| Basque | Euskara | ~750,000 | Kaixo, ni Gregor naiz. Nola duzu izena? Pozten naiz zuregatik! Holanda naiz. Amsterdamen bizi naiz. Nongoa zara? Zenbat denbora daramazu hemen bizitzen? Zer gustatzen zaizu Holandari buruz eta zer ez horrenbeste? |
🇬🇷 Greek (Ελληνικά)
Γεια σου, είμαι ο Γκρέγκορ. Πώς σε λένε; Χάρηκα για τη γνωριμία! Είμαι από την Ολλανδία. Μένω στο Άμστερνταμ. Από πού είσαι; Πόσο καιρό μένεις εδώ; Τι σου αρέσει στην Ολλανδία και τι όχι τόσο;
🇱🇹 Lithuanian (Lietuvių)
Sveiki, aš esu Gregoras. Kuo tu vardu? Malonu susipažinti! Aš esu iš Olandijos. Gyvenu Amsterdame. Iš kur tu esi? Kiek laiko čia gyveni? Kas tau patinka Olandijoje, o kas – ne taip labai?
🇱🇻 Latvian (Latviešu)
Sveiki, es esmu Gregors. Kā tevi sauc? Prieks iepazīties! Es esmu no Nīderlandes. Es dzīvoju Amsterdamā. No kurienes tu esi? Cik ilgi tu šeit dzīvo? Kas tev patīk Nīderlandē un kas ne tik ļoti?
🇭🇺 Hungarian (Magyar)
Szia, Gregor vagyok. Hogy hívnak? Örülök, hogy megismerhetlek! Hollandiából jöttem. Amszterdamban élek. Honnan jöttél? Mióta élsz itt? Mi tetszik neked Hollandiában, és mi nem annyira?
🇫🇮 Finnish (Suomi)
Hei, olen Gregor. Mikä sinun nimesi on? Hauska tavata! Olen kotoisin Hollannista. Asun Amsterdamissa. Mistä olet kotoisin? Kuinka kauan olet asunut täällä? Mitä pidät Hollannista ja mitä et niin paljon?
🇪🇪 Estonian (Eesti)
Tere, mina olen Gregor. Mis su nimi on? Meeldiv tutvuda! Ma olen Hollandist. Ma elan Amsterdamis. Kust sa pärit oled? Kui kaua sa oled siin elanud? Mis sulle Hollandis meeldib ja mis mitte nii väga?
🇦🇱 Albanian (Shqip)
Përshëndetje, unë jam Gregor. Si quhesh? Kënaqësi që të njoh! Jam nga Hollanda. Banoj në Amsterdam. Nga je? Sa kohë ke që banon këtu? Çfarë të pëlqen nga Hollanda dhe çfarë jo aq shumë?
🇪🇸/🇫🇷 Basque (Euskara)
Kaixo, ni Gregor naiz. Nola duzu izena? Pozten naiz zuregatik! Holanda naiz. Amsterdamen bizi naiz. Nongoa zara? Zenbat denbora daramazu hemen bizitzen? Zer gustatzen zaizu Holandari buruz eta zer ez horrenbeste?
Introducing yourself in the Semitic language in Europe: Maltese
🇲🇹 Maltese (Malti)
Bongu, jiena Gregor. X’jismek? Grazzi tal-laqgħa! Jiena minn l-Olanda. Ngħix f’Amsterdam. Minn fejn inti? Kemm ilek tgħix hawnhekk? X’tiġbdek fl-Olanda u x’mhux daqshekk?
Introducing yourself in Celtic languages
🇮🇪 Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge)
Dia dhuit, is mise Gregor. Cad is ainm duit? Tá áthas orm bualadh leat! Is as an Ísiltír mé. Tá mé i mo chónaí in Amsterdam. Cá as thú? Cé chomh fada atá tú ag cur fút anseo? Cad is maith leat faoin Ísiltír agus cad nach bhfuil chomh maith sin?
🟣 Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)
Halò, ’s e Gregor an t-ainm a th’ orm. Dè an t-ainm a th’ ort? Tha e math coinneachadh riut! Tha mi às an Òlaind. Tha mi a’ fuireach ann an Amsterdam. Cò às a tha thu? Dè cho fada ’s a tha thu a’ fuireach an seo? Dè as toil leat mun Òlaind agus dè nach eil cho math?
🔵 Welsh (Cymraeg)
Helo, Gregor ydw i. Beth yw dy enw di? Braf cwrdd â ti! Dw i’n dod o’r Iseldiroedd. Dw i’n byw yn Amsterdam. O ble wyt ti’n dod? Faint o amser wyt ti wedi bod yn byw yma? Beth wyt ti’n hoffi am yr Iseldiroedd a beth ddim cymaint?
Introducing yourself in Caucasian languages
| Language | Native Name | Speakers (approx.) | Translation | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgian | ქართული (Kartuli) | ~4 million | გამარჯობა, მე ვარ გრეგორი. რა გქვია? მიხარია შენი გაცნობა! მე ჰოლანდიიდან ვარ. ამსტერდამში ვცხოვრობ. შენ საიდან ხარ? რამდენ ხანს ცხოვრობ აქ? რა მოგწონს ჰოლანდიაში და რა არა ძალიან? | Main South Caucasian (Kartvelian) language; uses unique Mkhedruli script. |
| Chechen | Нохчийн мотт (Noxçiyn mott) | ~1.4 million | Салам, со хьа Грегор ву. Цхьа цу хьо? Хьо ву хьо хетам! Со Холландийн ву. Со Амстердаме ду. Хьо хьалха ву? Даймехар ву дина хьалха? Хьо Холландийн хилар цхьа, хетамаш цхьа хьо деха? | Northeast Caucasian (Nakh) language, spoken in Chechnya and diaspora. |
| Avar | Магӏарул мац (Maʕarul mac) | ~1 million | Салам, со Грегор. Цӏехь къетсара? Хъал хъел къетсаруш! Со Голландиял хьун. Со Амстердамда хъуьлдаб. Хьун къетсара? Вакъе ву хъуьлдаб? Голландиял хъул вуна къетсара, а къеб хъел? | North Caucasian (Avar–Andic); spoken in Dagestan, uses Cyrillic alphabet. |
| Lezgian | Лезги чӀал (Lezgi č’al) | ~800,000 | Салам, зез Gregor вел. Кьвал чӀагъан ву? Дер билаб гъалал! Зез Голландиян вел. Зез Амстердамда яша. Хъвал чӀагъан ву? Кьвел хъвал яша? Голландиян я шедер ву, а шедер ву къан? | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic); spoken in Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. |
| Abkhaz | Аҧсуа бызшәа (Apsua bzýshəa) | ~190,000 | Ашәара, сара Gregor сым. Уа зынҳәа. Сара Голландынтәи сым. Сара Амстердам сынхоит. Ишәыдааа. Ҩынтәы ҳазнеирым. Голландия иазхәыцуа шәоу, нас изҵазхәыцуа? | Northwest Caucasian language; complex consonant system, spoken in Abkhazia. |
🟤 1. Georgian (ქართული)
გამარჯობა, მე ვარ გრეგორი. რა გქვია? მიხარია შენი გაცნობა! მე ჰოლანდიიდან ვარ. ამსტერდამში ვცხოვრობ. შენ საიდან ხარ? რამდენ ხანს ცხოვრობ აქ? რა მოგწონს ჰოლანდიაში და რა არა ძალიან?
Transliteration:
Gamardjoba, me var Gregori. Ra gkvia? Mikharia sheni gatsnoba! Me Holandidan var. Amsterdamshi vtskhovrob. Shen saidan khar? Ramdeni khani tskhovrob aq? Ra mogtsons Holandiashi da ra ara dzalian?
🟥 2. Chechen (Нохчийн мотт)
Салам, со хьа Грегор ву. Цхьа цу хьо? Хьо ву хьо хетам! Со Холландийн ву. Со Амстердаме ду. Хьо хьалха ву? Даймехар ву дина хьалха? Хьо Холландийн хилар цхьа, хетамаш цхьа хьо деха?
Transliteration:
Salam, so kha Gregor vu. Tsha tsu kho? Kho vu kho khetam! So Hollandiyn vu. So Amsterdam-e du. Kho khal-kha vu? Daymekhar vu dina khal-kha? Kho Hollandiyn khilar tsha, khetamash tsha kho dekha?
🟧 3. Avar (Магӏарул мац)
Салам, со Грегор. Цӏехь къетсара? Хъал хъел къетсаруш! Со Голландиял хьун. Со Амстердамда хъуьлдаб. Хьун къетсара? Вакъе ву хъуьлдаб? Голландиял хъул вуна къетсара, а къеб хъел?
Transliteration:
Salam, so Gregor. Tsekh’ k’etsara? Khal khel k’etsarush! So Golandiyal khun. So Amsterdam-da kh’uldab. Khun k’etsara? Vak’e vu kh’uldab? Golandiyal khul vuna k’etsara, a keb khel?
🟦 4. Lezgian (Лезги чӀал)
Салам, зез Gregor вел. Кьвал чӀагъан ву? Дер билаб гъалал! Зез Голландиян вел. Зез Амстердамда яша. Хъвал чӀагъан ву? Кьвел хъвал яша? Голландиян я шедер ву, а шедер ву къан?
Transliteration:
Salam, zez Gregor vel. K’val č’agan vu? Der bilab ghalal! Zez Golandiyan vel. Zez Amsterdam-da yasha. Kh’val č’agan vu? K’vel kh’val yasha? Golandiyan ya shedér vu, a shedér vu qan?
🟨 5. Abkhaz (Аҧсуа)
Ашәара, сара Gregor сым. Уа зынҳәа? Сара Голландынтәи сым. Сара Амстердам сынхоит. Ишәыдааа. Ҩынтәы ҳазнеирым. Голландия иазхәыцуа шәоу, нас изҵазхәыцуа?
Transliteration (approximate):
Azhara, sara Gregor sym. Ua zynkha? Sara Holland-yntry sym. Sara Amsterdam synkhoit. Ishwydaaa. Kvyntvy hazneyrym. Hollandia iazkhyrytsua shou, nas izgzazkhyrytsua?
Note: Abkhaz grammar is highly complex and may vary in dialectal usage. The transliteration here is an approximation.
Completely seperate: Introducing yourself in Armenian, its own family within Indo-European
🇦🇲 Armenian (Հայերեն)
Բարև, ես Գրեգոր եմ։ Ինչ է քո անունը։ Շատ հաճելի է քեզ հանդիպել։ Ես Հոլանդիայից եմ։ Ես ապրում եմ Ամստերդամում։ Դու որտեղից ես։ Ինչքա՞ն ժամանակ է, ինչ այստեղ ես ապրում։ Ի՞նչն ես սիրում Հոլանդիայում, և ի՞նչն ոչ այնքան։
Transliteration:
Barev, yes Gregor em. Inch e ko anuny? Shat hacheli e qez handipel. Yes Holandiaits em. Yes aprum em Amsterdamum. Du vortexits es? Inchqan zhamanak e, inch aystegh es aprum? Inch’nes sirum Holandiayum, yev inch’nes voch’ aynqan?
Note: Eastern Armenian standard. Spoken in Armenia and diaspora.
Outside of Indo-European: Turkic languages
🇹🇷 1. Turkish (Türkçe – Turkic)
Merhaba, ben Gregor. Senin adın ne? Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum! Hollanda’dan geliyorum. Amsterdam’da yaşıyorum. Nerelisin? Burada ne kadar zamandır yaşıyorsun? Hollanda hakkında neyi seviyorsun, neyi o kadar da değil?
Note: Turkish is the most spoken Turkic language in Europe, official in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
🇦🇿 2. Azerbaijani (Azərbaycan dili – Turkic)
Salam, mən Gregoram. Sənin adın nədir? Səninlə tanış olmaq xoşdur! Mən Hollandiyadanam. Mən Amsterdamda yaşayıram. Sən haralısan? Burada nə qədər vaxtdır yaşayırsan? Hollandiyada nəyi sevirsən və nəyi o qədər də yox?
Note: South Turkic language. Uses Latin script (since 1990s); spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Also not really European, but nice since we’re talking about Turkic languages anyway:
🇰🇿 4. Kazakh (Қазақ тілі – Turkic)
Сәлеметсіз бе, менің атым Грегор. Сіздің атыңыз кім? Сізбен танысқаныма қуаныштымын! Мен Голландияданмын. Мен Амстердамда тұрамын. Сіз қай жерденсіз? Мұнда қанша уақыт тұрып жатырсыз? Голландияда не ұнайды, ал не онша емес?
Transliteration:
Salemetsiz be, meniñ atym Gregor. Sizdiñ atyñyz kim? Sizben tanysqanıma quanıştymyn! Men Gollandiyadanmyn. Men Amsterdamda turamyn. Siz qai zherdensiz? Mūnda qanşa waqyt turyp jatyrsız? Gollandiyada ne ūnaidy, al ne onsha emes?
Note: Spoken in Kazakhstan and northern China. Transitioning from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet.
🇺🇦 5. Rusyn (Русиньскый язык – Slavic)
Привіт, я єм Грегор. Як ся зове́ш? Радость мати тебе позна́ти! Я єм з Голяндії. Жию в Амстердамі. Звідки єш? Як довго тут жиєш? Що т’ак любиш на Голяндії, а що не так?
Note: East Slavic language with strong West Slavic influence. Spoken in Ukraine, Slovakia, Serbia.
🇷🇴/🌍 6. Aromanian / Vlach (Armãneashce – Romance)
Bunã zua, eu-s Gregor. Cum te cheamã? Îmi pare bine sã te cunosc! Eu vin di Olanda. Stau în Amsterdam. Di unde eşti? De câtã vreme stai aici? Ce-ţi place la Olanda şi ce nu prea?
Note: A Romance language closely related to Romanian, spoken in the Balkans (Greece, Albania, Macedonia).
🇷🇺 7. Tatar (Татар теле – Turkic)
Сәлам, минем исемем Грегор. Синең исемең ничек? Танышуым бик шат! Мин Голландиядән. Мин Амстердамда яшим. Син кайдан? Монда күптән яшисеңме? Голландия турында нәрсә ошый, нәрсә бик үк түгел?
Transliteration:
Selam, minem isemem Gregor. Sineñ isemeñ nitshek? Tanyshuım bik shat! Min Gollandiädan. Min Amsterdamda yashim. Sin qaydan? Monda küptän yashiseñme? Gollandiä turında närsä oshıy, närsä bik ük tügel?
Note: Official in Tatarstan (Russia); uses Cyrillic. Large diaspora in Central Asia.
🇷🇺 8. Bashkir (Башҡорт теле – Turkic)
Сәләм, минең исемем Грегор. Һинең исемең нисек? Танышҡаныма шатмын! Мин Голландиянан. Мин Амстердамда йәшәйем. Һин ҡайҙан? Ошонда күптән йәшәйһеңме? Һиңә Голландия нимәһе оҡшай, нимәһе әллә ни түгел?
Transliteration:
Seläm, mineñ isemeñ Gregor. Hineñ isemeñ nisek? Tanyshqanıma shatmın! Min Gollandiänan. Min Amsterdamda yäşäyem. Hin qayðan? Oshonda küptän yäşäyheñme? Hine Gollandiä nimähe oqşay, nimähe ällä ni tügel?
Note: Co-official in Bashkortostan (Russia), related to Tatar, uses Cyrillic script.
Other Turkic languages are left out for this page about languages in Europe, as the area is predominantly in Asia
List of Official and Co-Official Languages in Europe (grouped by type)
🇪🇺 Pan-European (Supranational)
- English – official in the EU (de facto), UK, Ireland, Malta
- French – EU, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Monaco
- German – EU, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg
- Spanish – EU, Spain
- Italian – EU, Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican
National Official Languages (by country)
Most European countries have 1–2 national official languages:
| Country | Official Language(s) |
|---|---|
| Albania | Albanian |
| Andorra | Catalan |
| Armenia | Armenian |
| Austria | German |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani |
| Belarus | Belarusian, Russian |
| Belgium | Dutch, French, German |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian |
| Croatia | Croatian |
| Cyprus | Greek, Turkish |
| Czech Republic | Czech |
| Denmark | Danish |
| Estonia | Estonian |
| Finland | Finnish, Swedish |
| France | French |
| Georgia | Georgian |
| Germany | German |
| Greece | Greek |
| Hungary | Hungarian |
| Iceland | Icelandic |
| Ireland | Irish, English |
| Italy | Italian |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh, Russian (in northern regions) |
| Kosovo | Albanian, Serbian |
| Latvia | Latvian |
| Liechtenstein | German |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourgish, French, German |
| Malta | Maltese, English |
| Moldova | Romanian (sometimes called Moldovan) |
| Monaco | French |
| Montenegro | Montenegrin |
| Netherlands | Dutch |
| North Macedonia | Macedonian, Albanian |
| Norway | Norwegian (Bokmål + Nynorsk) |
| Poland | Polish |
| Portugal | Portuguese |
| Romania | Romanian |
| Russia | Russian |
| San Marino | Italian |
| Serbia | Serbian |
| Slovakia | Slovak |
| Slovenia | Slovene |
| Spain | Spanish (Castilian) + regional co-officials |
| Sweden | Swedish |
| Switzerland | German, French, Italian, Romansh |
| Turkey (Europe) | Turkish |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian |
| United Kingdom | English (de facto), + regional co-officials |
| Vatican City | Latin, Italian |
Regional & Co-Official Languages
These are not national but have official status in certain regions or countries:
- Catalan / Valencian – Spain (Catalonia, Valencia, Balearics), Andorra (national)
- Basque – Spain (Basque Country, parts of Navarre)
- Galician – Spain (Galicia)
- Welsh – Wales (UK)
- Scottish Gaelic – Scotland (UK)
- Irish – Ireland (national); Northern Ireland (UK) – co-official
- Sami (Northern, Lule, Inari, Skolt) – co-official in parts of Finland, Norway, Sweden
- Romansh – Switzerland (official in canton of Graubünden)
- Frisian – Netherlands (Friesland province)
- Rusyn – recognized in Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia
- Aromanian (Vlach) – recognized minority language in Albania, Romania, North Macedonia
- Tatar, Bashkir, Chechen, etc. – co-official in Russian republics
🟡 Creole Languages with Germanic Roots (mainly Dutch & English)
1. 🇨🇼 Papiamentu (Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire – based on Dutch, Spanish & Portuguese)
Hello, my name is Gregor. What is your name? Nice to see you! I’m from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been living here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?
📌 Dutch influence: “Hulanda”, the verb “ta” from Papiamentu.
2. 🇻🇮 Negerhollands (extinct Dutch-based creole with Danish-Dutch elements)
Hello, I’m Gregor. What’s your name? I’m happy to see you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you lived here? What do you like about Holland, what don’t you like?
📌 Extinct around the 20th century, but documented. Influences from Afrikaans and Dutch.
3. 🇸🇷 Sranantongo (Suriname – English, Dutch, Portuguese, Afrikaans influences)
Hello, I’m Gregor. What’s your name? I’m happy to meet you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been living here? What do you love about Holland and what don’t you love so much?
📌 Dutch + Portuguese + English structure. “Mi na”, “yu”, and “lobi” = to love.
4. 🇿🇦 Cape Afrikaans Creole (historical – Cape Colony, 18th century)
Good day, I’m Gregor. What is your name? Nice to meet you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been living here? What do you like about Holland, and what not so much?
📌 This variant evolved into modern Afrikaans, but was originally a creole.
5. 🇵🇳 Pitcairnese (Pitcairn Islands – English & Tahitian, with early British sailor language)
Hello, my name’s Gregor. What’s your name? Glad to meet you! I’m from Holland. I stay in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long you staying here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?
📌 Based on 18th-century English; informal structure. Typical for island creoles.
6. 🇺🇸 Gullah (Southern US – English creole with West African influence)
Hey, my name’s Gregor. Who are you? Glad to meet you! I come from Holland. I stay in Amsterdam. Where you from? How long you been here? What you like about Holland and what you not so fond of?
📌 Spoken by the Gullah-Geechee community in South Carolina/Georgia.
7. 🇵🇭 Chavacano (Zamboanga – Spanish creole with English/Dutch influences via trade)
Hi, I’m Gregor. What’s your name? Nice to meet you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you lived here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?
📌 Not Germanic-based, but includes Dutch loanwords via the VOC.
8. 🇵🇦 San Andrés–Providencia Creole (English creole, Caribbean region)
Hello, my name’s Gregor. What’s your name? Nice to meet you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long have you been here? What do you like about Holland and what not so much?
📌 English-based structure, strong Caribbean intonation and lexicon.
9. 🇯🇲 Jamaican Patois (Jamaica – English with Dutch/Portuguese influences)
What’s up? My name’s Gregor. What’s your name? Glad to meet you! I’m from Holland. I’m in Amsterdam. Where are you from? How long you been here? What do you like about Holland and what don’t you really like?
📌 “Mi”, “yuh”, “weh” – characteristic of Jamaican English.
10. 🇻🇺 Bislama (Vanuatu – English creole)
Hello, my name is Gregor. What’s your name? I’m happy to meet you! I come from Holland. I live in Amsterdam. Where do you come from? How long have you lived here? What do you like about Holland and what do you not like too much?
📌 “Blong” = possessive (“belong”), typical for Melanesian creoles.
🟥 Portuguese-based Creoles
🇨🇻 1. Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu – Santiago variety)
Ola, N’m choma Gregor. Mó ki bu nomi? N’txoma kontenti di odja bu! N’sai di Olanda. N’mora na Amsterdam. Di undi bu ê? Kantu tempu bu sta li? K’bu gosta di Olanda i k’bu ka gosta tantu?
📌 “N’” = I, “bu” = you, “k’bu gosta” = what you like.
🇸🇹 2. Santome Creole (Forro)
Ôlá, n’ê Gregor. Kê ê non dan bô? Muitu prazê pa oká bô! N’vê di Olanda. N’morá na Amsterdam. Di andê bô ê? Kuantu tempu bô tá li? Kê bô gostá di Olanda i kê ka gustá tanto?
📌 Heavily Africanised pronunciation and grammar; spoken on São Tomé island.
🇲🇾 3. Papiá Kristang (Malacca Portuguese Creole)
Bon dia, yo Gregor. Kosa bo nomi? Bong kontenti encontrá bo! Yo ben di Olanda. Yo mora na Amsterdam. Undi bo ben? Kuantu tempu bo sta aki? Kosa bo gosta di Olanda i kosa bo ka gusta?
📌 Mix of archaic Portuguese with Malay influences.
🟨 Spanish-based Creole
🇵🇭 4. Chavacano (Zamboanga)
Hola, yo se Gregor. Como se llama usted? Mucho gusto! Yo viene de Holanda. Yo vive na Amsterdam. De donde tu? Cuanto tiempo ya vive aqui? Que tu gusta del Holanda y que no tanto?
📌 Spanish sentence structure with some simplified elements and local particles.
🟦 French-based Creoles
🇭🇹 5. Haitian Creole (Kreyòl Ayisyen)
Bonjou, mwen rele Gregor. Kijan ou rele? Mwen kontan rankontre ou! Mwen soti Oland. Mwen rete Amsterdam. Ki kote ou soti? Depi kilè ou rete isit la? Kisa ou renmen nan Oland, epi kisa ou pa trop renmen?
📌 “Mwen” = I, “ou” = you, “renmen” = to like/love, “pa trop” = not so much.
🇲🇺 6. Mauritian Creole (Kreol Morisien)
Bonzur, mo apel Gregor. Kouma to apel? Mo bien kontan kone to! Mo sorti Oland. Mo res Amsterdam. Kot to sorti? Depi kan to res isi? Ki to kontan dan Oland ek ki to pa tro kontan?
📌 “Mo” = I, “to” = you, “res” = live, “kontan” = like.
🌍 Other Creole Languages with European Lexifiers (Non-Germanic)
Below is a list organized by lexifier language, with regions where they are spoken.
🟥 Portuguese-based Creoles (Lusophone Creoles)
- 🇨🇻 Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu) – Cape Verde
- 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau Creole (Kriol) – Guinea-Bissau
- 🇸🇹 Santome / Angolar / Principense – São Tomé and Príncipe
- 🇧🇷 Papiá Kristang – Malaysia (Malacca Portuguese Creole)
- 🇮🇳 Korlai Creole Portuguese – India (Maharashtra)
- 🇯🇵 Macanese (Patuá) – Macau (nearly extinct)
📌 These creoles often use “mi” (I), “bo” (you), and derive verbs from Portuguese: “sta”, “ta”, “fala”.
🟦 French-based Creoles (Créole)
- 🇭🇹 Haitian Creole (Kreyòl Ayisyen) – Haiti (official language)
- 🇱🇨 Saint Lucian Creole French (Kwéyòl) – Caribbean
- 🇲🇶 Martinican Creole – French Antilles
- 🇬🇵 Guadeloupean Creole – French Antilles
- 🇷🇪 Réunion Creole – Indian Ocean
- 🇲🇺 Mauritian Creole – Mauritius
- 🇸🇨 Seychellois Creole (Seselwa) – Seychelles (official)
📌 Common features: “mo” or “mwen” (I), “ou” (you), simplified French roots with African phonology.
🟨 Spanish-based Creoles
- 🇵🇭 Chavacano – Philippines (Zamboanga, Cavite, Ternate)
📌 Chavacano is the only widely spoken Spanish creole still in use today. Others have vanished.
🟩 Italian-based Creoles
- ⚠️ Extremely rare – some Italian pidgins existed historically in Eritrea and Libya, but no stable creole emerged.
- Sabaricotto (Italy/Ethiopia): extinct pidginized form of Italian
- 🟪 German-based Creoles
- None known to have developed into full creoles. German pidgins may have existed in parts of colonial Africa (e.g. Namibia), but none stabilized.
📌 Summary by Lexifier:
| Lexifier | Examples | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Portuguese | Cape Verdean, Santome, Kristang | Active |
| French | Haitian, Réunion, Mauritian | Active |
| Spanish | Chavacano | Active |
| Dutch | Papiamentu, Negerhollands | Mixed/extinct |
| Italian | Pidgins only | Extinct |
| German | No creoles | None |