Learn words like ‘tree’ by family tree
How many can you guess?
Largest European language families
🌳 Indo-Iranic
- Hindi: पेड़ (peṛ)
- Urdu: درخت (darakht)
- Bengali: গাছ (gachh)
- Punjabi: ਦਰਖ਼ਤ (darakhat)
- Persian (Farsi): درخت (derakht)
- Pashto: ونې (wəne)
- Sorani Kurdish: دار (dar)
- Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vr̥kṣa)
- Marathi: झाड (jhāḍ)
- Sindhi: وڻ (waṇ)
🌳 Sinitic
- Mandarin: 树 (shù)
- Cantonese: 樹 (syu6)
- Hakka: 樹 (sii)
- Wu (Shanghainese): 树 (zy)
- Gan: 樹 (shù)
- Min Nan: 樹 (chhiū)
- Jin: 树 (shù)
- Pinghua: 樹 (su)
- Xiang: 樹 (shu)
- Huizhou: 树 (shu)
🌳 Bantoid
- Swahili: mti
- Zulu: isihlahla
- Xhosa: umthi
- Shona: muti
- Luganda: omuti
- Lingala: nzete
- Kinyarwanda: igiti
- Kirundi: igiti
- Tswana: setlhare
- Sotho: sefate
🌳 Dravidian
- Tamil: மரம் (maram)
- Telugu: చెట్టు (cheṭṭu)
- Kannada: ಮರ (mara)
- Malayalam: മരം (maram)
- Tulu: ಮರ (mara)
- Badaga: mara
- Irula: mara
- Kurumba: maram
- Kodava: mara
- Yerukala: cettu
🌳 Turkic
- Turkish: ağaç
- Azeri: ağac
- Uzbek: daraxt
- Kazakh: ағаш (ağaş)
- Kyrgyz: бак (bak)
- Turkmen: agaç
- Bashkir: ағас (ahaś)
- Uyghur: daraxt
- Chuvash: çăvă
- Tatar: агач (agach)
🌳 Japonic
- Japanese: 木 (ki)
- Okinawan: gi
- Amami: kî
- Yonaguni: ki
- Hachijo: ke
- Tsugaru: ki
- Shuri: chī
- Naha: gii
🌳 Koreanic
- Korean (standard): 나무 (namu)
- Jeju dialect: 남우 (namwu)
- Gyeongsang: 나무
- Pyongan: 나무
- Hamgyong: 나무
- Gangwon: 나무
- Jeolla: 나무
- Busan: 나무
🌳 Germanic
- English: tree
- German: Baum
- Dutch: boom
- Swedish: träd
- Danish: træ
- Norwegian: tre
- Icelandic: tré
- Afrikaans: boom
- Frisian: beam
- Yiddish: בוים (boym)
🌳 Romance
- Spanish: árbol
- Portuguese: árvore
- French: arbre
- Italian: albero
- Romanian: copac
- Catalan: arbre
- Galician: árbore
- Occitan: arbre
- Sardinian: àrvure
- Friulian: arbul
🌳 Slavic
- Russian: дерево (derevo)
- Polish: drzewo
- Czech: strom
- Slovak: strom
- Serbian: дрво (drvo)
- Bulgarian: дърво (dǎrvo)
- Ukrainian: дерево
- Croatian: drvo
- Slovenian: drevo
- Macedonian: дрво
🌳 Hellenic
- Greek (modern): δέντρο (déntro)
- Greek (ancient): δένδρον (déndron)
- Cypriot Greek: δεντρόν (dentron)
🌳 Celtic
- Irish: crann
- Scottish Gaelic: craobh
- Welsh: coeden
- Breton: gwez
- Cornish: gweder
- Manx: billey
🌳 Baltic
- Lithuanian: medis
- Latvian: koks
- Latgalian: koks
- Old Prussian (reconstructed): stabis
🌳 Albanian
- Standard Albanian: pemë
- Gheg dialect: dru
- Tosk dialect: pemë
🌳 Basque
- Standard Basque: zuhaitz
- Gipuzkoan dialect: zuhaitz / zugar
- Biscayan dialect: zugar
- Labourdin dialect: zuhatz
- Souletin dialect: suraitz
🌳 Austronesian
- Tagalog (Filipino): puno
- Malay: pokok
- Indonesian: pohon
- Javanese: wit
- Malagasy (Madagascar): hazo
- Cebuano: kahoy
- Samoan: laʻau
- Tongan: ʻakau
- Hawaiian: kumu lāʻau
- Fijian: kau
🌳 Austroasiatic
- Vietnamese: cây
- Khmer (Cambodian): ដើមឈើ (daəm chhœ)
- Mon: သစ် (thit)
- Khmu: lang
- Muong: cây
- Bahnar: xơr
- Khasi: dieng
- Hmong (not Austroasiatic, for comparison): tsob ntoo
- Wa: bēng
🌳 Semitic
- Arabic (MSA): شجرة (shajara)
- Egyptian Arabic: شجرة (shagara)
- Levantine Arabic: شجرة (shajra)
- Maghrebi Arabic: شجرة (shjra)
- Hebrew: עץ (etz)
- Amharic: ዛፍ (zaf)
- Tigrinya: ኣዕልቢ (a’älbi)
- Maltese: siġra
🌳 Creoles – Romance-based
- Haitian Creole: pye bwa
- Louisiana Creole: piebois
- Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu): árvura
- Papiamento: palu / árbol
- Guadeloupean Creole: pyébwa
- Martinican Creole: pyébwa
- Réunion Creole: piedbois
- Palenquero (Colombia): árburu
🌳 Creoles – Germanic-based
- Jamaican Patois: chrii / tri
- Tok Pisin (PNG): diwai
- Krio (Sierra Leone): tri
- Sranan Tongo (Suriname): bosi
- Solomon Islands Pijin: tri
- Bislama (Vanuatu): tri
- Cameroon Pidgin: tri
- Nigerian Pidgin: tri
🌳 Uralic
- Finnish: puu
- Estonian: puu
- Hungarian: fa
- Komi: пӧ (pö)
- Udmurt: пӧ (pö)
- Erzya (Mordvin): веле (vele)
- Meänkieli: puu
- Inari Saami: muorra
- Northern Saami: muorra
- Skolt Saami: määʹcc
For a board game, I’m also creating flashcards by group:
Indic languages
🌳
- Hindi: पेड़ (peṛ)
- Urdu: درخت (darakht)
- Bengalí: গাছ (gachh)
- Persa (Farsi): درخت (derakht)
- Pashto: ونې (wəne)
Turkic languages
🌳
- Turco: ağaç
- Azerí: ağac
- Uzbeco: daraxt
- Kazajo: ағаш (ağaş)
- Turcomano: agaç
Japonic languages
🌳Japonic languages
- Japonés estándar: 木 (き, *ki*)
- Okinawense (Uchinaaguchi): ki / gi
- Amami (dialecto del sur): kî
Smaller language families of Europe
🌳 Hellenic
- Greek (modern): δέντρο (déntro)
- Greek (ancient): δένδρον (déndron)
- Cypriot Greek: δεντρόν (dentron)
🌳 Celtic
- Irish: crann
- Scottish Gaelic: craobh
- Welsh: coeden
- Breton: gwez
- Cornish: gweder
- Manx: billey
🌳 Baltic
- Lithuanian: medis
- Latvian: koks
- Latgalian: koks
- Old Prussian (reconstructed): stabis
🌳 Albanian
- Standard Albanian: pemë
- Gheg dialect: dru
- Tosk dialect: pemë
🌳 Basque
- Standard Basque: zuhaitz
- Gipuzkoan dialect: zuhaitz / zugar
- Biscayan dialect: zugar
- Labourdin dialect: zuhatz
- Souletin dialect: suraitz
🌳 Uralic
- Finnish: puu
- Estonian: puu
- Hungarian: fa
- Komi: пӧ (pö)
- Udmurt: пӧ (pö)
- Erzya (Mordvin): веле (vele)
- Meänkieli: puu
- Inari Saami: muorra
- Northern Saami: muorra
- Skolt Saami: määʹcc